Cov yas yas hais txog chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm cov polymers. Cov yas yas feem ntau yog siv rau PVC cov yas, thiab lawv cov nyiaj tuaj yeem suav ntau dua 98% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj yas. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov yas tuaj yeem txo qis zog ntawm PVC cov saw hlau sib txuas thiab txo cov iav hloov pauv kub, qhov ntsuas kub thiab cov ntsiab lus melting ntawm cov muaj microcrystals ntawm PVC yas. Cov yas yas tuaj yeem ua rau cov yas ntxiv ntawm cov yas thiab ua rau cov khoom muag muag thiab tiv taus. Kev ua haujlwm kub zoo.
Thaum cov yas yas tsawg dua 10 feem, cov khoom siv dag zog tsis pom tseeb. Thaum kwv yees li 5 feem ntawm cov yas tau ntxiv, cov khoom siv dag zog yog qhov siab tshaj, uas yog qhov tshwm sim los tiv thaiv cov yas. Nws feem ntau ntseeg tias qhov tshwm sim los tiv thaiv yas yog tias tom qab ntxiv me me ntawm cov yas yas, kev txav mus los ntawm cov saw macromolecular nce, yog li cov molecules tau txiav txim siab los tsim cov txiaj ntsig ntawm microcrystals. Kev cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm cov khoom nyuaj nrog cov yas me me tau qis dua li yam tsis muaj sijhawm, tab sis tom qab nce mus rau qee qhov koob tshuaj, qhov muaj zog cuam tshuam yuav nce nrog qhov nce ntawm cov nyiaj, uas ua tau raws txoj cai thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qho ntxiv, kev ntxiv cov yas yas yuav txo cov cua sov tiv taus thiab tiv taus xeb ntawm cov khoom. Rau txhua qhov ntxiv ntawm cov yas yas, Martin' kev tiv thaiv tshav kub yuav poob los ntawm 2 txog 3. Yog li, cov khoom lag luam nyuaj tsis ntxiv cov yas yas lossis ntxiv cov yas yas tsawg. Qee zaum ob peb feem ntawm cov yas yas tau ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua kua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam muag tau xav tau ntxiv cov yas yas ntau ntxiv. Qhov loj ntawm cov yas yas, cov khoom lag luam softer.
Tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov yas yuav tsum sib txawv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom muag thiab siv, txheej txheem thiab siv ib puag ncig. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem txheej txheem tsim cov zaj duab xis PVC, thiab tag nrho cov yas yas yog li 50 feem. Cov zaj duab xis tshuab qis dua me ntsis, feem ntau yog 45-50 ntu.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas yas muaj raws li hauv qab no:
1. Txo qhov kub yaj thiab yaj viscosity ntawm cov polymer, yog li txo nws cov txheej txheem ua kom sov;
2. Ua cov khoom siv polymer muaj qhov muag muag, ywj ywj thiab tiv taus kub tsawg.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm cov yas yas:
Cov yas thiab cov yas muaj qhov sib txawv sib txawv, thiab lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kuj txawv.
1. Volume effect Cov nyhuv no feem ntau yog rau cov yas yas uas tsis yog ncov qaumteb qabteb. Nws hom kev txiav txim siab yog txhawm rau txhawm rau nruab nrab ntawm cov saw hlau sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj los ua kom qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov molecules, yog li ua rau lub zog quab yuam ntawm cov molecules thiab txo cov yaj viscosity nce qhov yooj ntawm cov saw molecular. Qhov ntau xws li cov yas yas tau ntxiv, qhov ntim ntau dua, thiab qhov ntim ntawm cov qauv yas txuas ntev dua yog ntau dua li ntawm cov txheej txheem yas txheej yas.
2. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv Cov nyhuv no feem ntau yog rau cov yas yas polar, thiab nws hom kev txiav txim siab yog hloov lub ncov qaumteb qabteb nruab nrab ntawm cov polymer molecules nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov yas yas polar thiab polar polymers. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub zog nruab nrab ntawm cov lwg me me tsis muaj zog, thiab cov yas yas no hu ua cov nyhuv tiv thaiv.
Kev ua yas yas:
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yas yas suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no: kev ua kom zoo dua qub, ua kom sib haum, tiv taus txias, ua haujlwm ntev, tiv taus cua sov, rwb thaiv tsev, nplaim hluav taws rov qab thiab kev nyiam huv.
Kev ua kom zoo yas: hais txog kev muaj peev xwm ua yas yas ntawm cov yas rau cov polymer lossis cov yas yas. Kev ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm cov yas yas sib txawv yog lub tswv yim txheeb ze. Kev ua kom zoo yas feem ntau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov yas uas xav tau los hloov qhov ntsuas qhov ua kom yooj yim. Tsawg dua cov yas yas ntxiv, ua kom zoo dua cov yas yas. General molecular hnyav yas yas. Cov yas yas hnyav hnyav dua qub muaj qhov ua tau zoo yas rau PVC. Raws li qhov polarity ntawm plasticizer molecule nce, qib ntawm alkyl branching thiab kev nce hauv cov nplhaib ntxhiab qauv txo cov yas ua kom zoo dua qub.
Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yas feem ntau yog:
DBS> DBP> DOS> DOA> DOP> DIOP> M-50> TCP> TXL-50.
Kev sib raug zoo: hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov yas nrog polymers. Cov yas yas qub muaj qhov sib txawv sib xws nrog cov polymers ntawm qhov sib txawv sib txawv.
Qhov sib piv sib piv ntawm cov yas siv feem ntau thiab PVC yog:
DBS> DBP> DOP> DIOP> DNP> ED3> DOA> DOS> Chlorinated Paraffin .
Kev tiv thaiv khaub thuas: hais txog qhov kub tsis kam tiv taus cov khoom yas-yas. Qhov txias txias ntawm cov yas yas cuam tshuam nrog nws cov qauv. Aliphatic dibasic acid esters nrog methylene (-CH2—) raws li lub cev tseem ceeb muaj qhov ua haujlwm txias tshaj. Lawv yog ib qho uas feem ntau siv cov yas uas tiv taus txias, thiab muaj cyclic thiab Cov yas yas uas muaj cov ntoo tau tiv taus txias heev vim nws nyuaj txav hauv cov polymer ntawm qhov kub tsawg.
Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tiv taus txias ntawm cov yas uas nquag siv yog: DOS> DOZ> DOA> ED3> DBP> DOP> DIOP [GG ] gt; DIDP> DNP> M-50> TCP.
Ua tau ntev: hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov yas yas kom nyob ruaj khov hauv cov khoom yas. Nws feem ntau suav nrog kev tsiv teb tsaws tsis kam, kev rho tawm tsis kam thiab kev hloov pauv tsis haum.
Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov yas uas tiv taus kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw suav nrog ob yam:
1. Cov yas yas ntws tawm ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov khoom mus rau sab nraud;
2. Lub tshuab yas hloov pauv mus rau cov khoom sib chwv nrog nws.
Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov yas yas cuam tshuam nrog nws cov kev sib raug zoo, thiab qhov tsis zoo sib xws, kev tsiv teb tsaws ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yas yas nrog qhov hnyav hnyav hnyav, cov ceg ntoo sib txuas lossis cov qauv sib hloov muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tsiv chaw zoo.
Kev rho tawm tsis kam: hais txog qhov nyiam ntawm cov yas yas kom nthuav dav mus rau hauv cov kua nruab nrab hauv kev sib cuag nrog nws. Qhov nruab nrab suav nrog dej, hnyav, xab npum thiab lubricating roj. Hais txog cov roj tsis kam thiab hnyav ua haujlwm hnyav, cov yas uas muaj feem ntau ntawm cov pab pawg tsis-polar alkyl muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev rho tawm, pawg phenyl, pawg ester, thiab cov yas uas muaj qib siab ntawm cov ceg ntoo muaj qhov ua haujlwm zoo rho tawm. thaum dej tsis kam yog qhov tsis sib xws rau saum toj no, polyesters yog cov yas uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv taus zoo heev.
Kev hloov pauv tsis txaus ntseeg: hais txog kev nyiam ntawm cov yas yas kom nthuav dav mus rau saum huab cua los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom thaum ua kom sov. Qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov yas yas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog nws qhov hnyav hnyav. Feem ntau, qhov hnyav me me ntawm lub cev, qhov ntau dua nws qhov kev hloov pauv. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem molecular, cov qauv ncaj-saw alkyl muaj qhov ua tsis tau zoo dua li cov ceg ntoo-saw alkyl qauv yas; cov yas uas muaj cov cyclic thiab lwm pab pawg loj hauv cov molecule muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua qub. Feem ntau, cov yas yas xws li polyester, epoxy, DIOP, TCP thiab pentaerythritol muaj qhov ua tsis tau zoo.
Rwb thaiv tsev: Cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov yas tsis zoo ib yam li ntawm PVC cob. Raws li tus nqi ntawm cov yas ntxiv, qhov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev ntawm PVC txo qis. Thaum xaiv cov yas rau PVC cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev, xyuam xim rau nws cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev.
Qhov kev txiav txim insulating ntawm feem ntau siv yas yas yog:
TCP> DNP> DOP> M-50> ED3> DOS> DBP> DOA.
Kev nyiam huv: hais txog kev lom ntawm cov yas yas. Cov yas yas feem ntau tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis muaj tshuaj lom tsawg. Epoxy thiab citric acid esters yog cov yas tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab phthalic acid esters thiab dicarboxylic acids muaj tsawg. Cov yas yas lom, tab sis DOP thiab DOA xav tias ua rau mob qog noj ntshav; feem ntau cov phosphate yas yog tshuaj lom, tshwj tsis yog diphenyl 2-ethylhexyl phosphate; chlorinated paraffins kuj yog tshuaj lom yas yas.
Cov nplaim hluav taws kub: Phosphate esters thiab chlorinated paraffins yog nplaim hluav taws yas, thiab qhov kev txiav txim nplaim hluav taws yog: TCP> TPP> TOP> DPOP.
Ntau yam ntawm cov yas siv feem ntau:
Muaj ntau hom yas yas. Raws li lawv qhov sib xws nrog cov polymers, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov yas tseem ceeb thiab cov koom haum pab yas. Cov yas yas tseem ceeb suav nrog phthalic acid esters thiab phosphate esters, thiab cov yas yas ntxiv suav nrog aliphatic dibasic acid esters thiab epoxy resins. Raws li cov txheej txheem cais ntawm cov yas, nws tuaj yeem faib ua: phthalic acid esters, aliphatic dibasic acid esters, epoxides, polyesters, thiab lwm yam.
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) muaj cov yas ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo, tiv thaiv kev tsiv teb tsaws, tiv thaiv dej tawm, tiv thaiv huab cua thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab PVC ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab, nrog DOP ua lub yas yas loj, thiab di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DOA) ua cov yas txias-resistant. Epoxy fatty acid ester plasticizers muaj cov cua sov zoo thiab tiv taus txias. Feem ntau siv ntau yam yog epoxy stearic acid 2-ethylhexyl, epoxy soybean oleic acid 2-ethylhexyl, thiab lwm yam.
High barrier polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) zaj duab xis rau ntim khoom noj xav tau ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm 8-10phr cov yas uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri- (2-ethylhexyl) citrate, di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), thiab lwm yam.