Plasticizers feem ntau yog "hom tshuaj txhuam hnyav" uas yuav ua rau lawv txoj haujlwm tiav, ua kom yooj yooj yim, ncab, ncab los yog loj dua thaum ntxiv rau cov khoom xws li plastics, resins los yog elastomers. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib lub tshuab ua yas yuav txo cov viscosity yaj, lub iav hloov kev kub thiab lub elastic modular ntawm elastomer tsis muaj kev hloov cov tshuaj ntawm cov khoom uas siv cov khoom yas.
Plasticizer tuaj yeem hloov qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov polymer, feem ntau xam:
Cov yas ntim pov tseg tawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov tshuab macromolecules ntawm lub polymer thiab tsis muaj zog (attraction) ntawm cov polymer molecules, uas yog, Plasterizer weakening lub van der Waals rog ntawm cov qauv tshuaj molecules;
② non-polar plasticizer ntxiv rau lub non-ncov qaum polymer, txiav tawm lub qhov ncov qaum cov polymer molecules, yog li ntawd nws tsis tshwm muaj ncov qaum cov kev sib txuas, kev puas tsuaj ntawm polymer molecules ntawm lub dipole - dipole mutual effect;
③ Plasticizer yog nrog cov quab yuam thiab cov ntaub qhwv tuaj yeem ua ke, ntau dua li cov tshuaj (cov kev cog hniav) ua ke.
Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw uas yuav kho tau zoo npaum li cas, qhov sib xyaw kom haum tsis tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj lom neeg, nws yuav hloov tau qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom ntev ntev, hloov khoom ntawm cov khoom yas, yuav siv tau raws li plasticizers. Cov tshuaj nrog rau cov dej num no feem ntau yog cov organic kua tebchaw los yog cov khib nyiab tsis tshua muaj melting. Lawv yuav tsum muaj ncov qaumteb qabteb, txuam nrog cov pob zeb, ntev hauv daim duab, muaj cov khoom zoo rau cov khoom siv, Cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab cov nqi pheej yig.
Yas siv tshuab thiab daim ntawv thov ua tau zoo hauv lub hauv paus pib ntawm noob neej. Nyob rau lub sij hawm ancient, cov av nplaum yog ua los ntawm cov dej, cov kua nplaum yog ua los ntawm cov dej ntim, cov tawv muag muag nrog roj av nplaum, cov tshuaj siv asphalt yog cov khoom hauv av, cov nitrocellulose thiab cov av siv los ua cov khoom siv. Cov dej, whale roj thiab tar nyob rau ntau cov khoom yog Played yas effectising, Plasticizer lawv paub tias cov khoom nyob hauv cov khoom yas. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm ntau tshaj li ib lub xyoo tom qab, nrog cov yas, roj hmab thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, rau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv 1943 sau tus yas lim tau ntau tshaj 20,000 hom. Yuav ua ntau tshaj 150 yam ntawm industrial ntau lawm.
Nyob rau hauv 1975 lub ntiaj teb tag nrho plasticizer ntau txog 320,000 tons. Ntawm 2000 lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov yas thooj plhaub nplaum tsim tau txog 6.4 plhom tons, Plasticizer muaj ntau tshaj li 500 yam. Tag nrho cov muag khoom ntawm cov yas thooj av (plasticizers) tau 60% ntawm cov khoom yas yas.
Txij thaum ntawd los, nrog rau kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam, tab sis kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua tau zoo dua, tiv thaiv kev tsiv teb tsaws, tsis tshua muaj neeg siab polyester plasticizer, epoxy plasticizer, thiab cov foob pob hluav taws, Cov khoom siv tub rog thiab lwm yam kev siv hluav taws xob yas yas.
Tam sim no, txoj kev lag luam plawg yog ib hom phthalate-based ntau hom, high-volume ntau lawm ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tshuaj, nws ntau yam thiab ntau lawm hauv cov yas additives yog thawj zaug nyob rau hauv cov qib.
Nta
Ntau cov khoom yas tau ua si rau kev hloov cov khoom ntawm cov polymers, Cov khoom siv yas polymer thiab cov khoom ua tau zoo.
① txo cov iav kom sov ntawm lub polymer.
② hloov cov qauv ntawm lub polymer, yog li ntawd cov khoom yas zoo nkauj.
③ nce lub elongation ntawm lub polymer, txo lub zog tensile.
④ nce lub toughness ntawm lub polymer los txhim kho tej feem xyuam.
⑤ txhim kho kev kub ntxhov tsawg.
⑥ txo cov viscosity ntawm lub polymer los txhim kho kev ua cov polymer thiab nws cov khoom xyaw sib tov.
⑦ hloov cov nchuav ntawm lub zog ntawm polymer, Plasticizer tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab polymer ntawm cov khoom.
⑧ txo cov ntsuas kub, txo cov ntsuas kub, txo lub sij hawm sib, txo qhov kev nyuaj siab (kom yooj yim rau cov tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua ntau hom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, txo qhov siv cov xim sib txawv, txhim kho txhuam kom zoo)
⑨ siv cov khoom hauv lub thawv yas los txhim kho kev cuam tshuam nrog dej: hydrophilic plasticizer kom cov khoom dej ntawm adsorption, ua rau cov laus siv cov khoom ua kom muaj zog, txo los yog nce qhov kev ua tiav, ua rau kev nthuav dav thiab ua rau; Cov hnab yas cov yas ua kom tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom ua dej.
⑩ contributes rau lub dispersibility ntawm kua thiab cov khoom ntxiv. Plasticizer Cov nyhuv ntawm cov fillers, dyes thiab lwm cov kua tshuaj ntxiv uas yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv cov khoom yas yog ntau tshaj qhia.
⑪ Ua kom los sis txo cov hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom.
⑫ txhim kho qhov khoom ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov rhiab heev, ua rau cov nplaim hluav taws tuaj, ua rau cov pa luam yeeb tsawg.
Biodegradable biodegradability. Ntxiv ntawm biodegradable plasticizers rau biodegradable tshuaj yuav nce tus nqi ntawm degradation ntawm cov khoom.
⑭ txhim kho txoj kab hluavtaws ntawm cov yas yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev ua kom muaj kev vibration.
⑮ nce cov gloss ntawm cov khoom pob tshab.
⑯ txhawm rau txhim khu cov khoom muaj zog, Plasticizer txo cov khoom ntawm huab thiab cov khoom nto ntawm cov roj mob.
Txo cov khoom siv pob txha thiab crystallinity.
Txhim kho qhov teeb ntawm lub teeb.
Txhim kho lub tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov khoom hnyav yam tsis muaj molecular tshuaj mus rau ntawm qhov chaw.
Ua kom cov pa muaj zog ntawm qhov khoom.
⑳ Nce cov sib tw ntawm lub polymer nrog cov additive.