Plasticizer yog cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub niaj hnub no thiab plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb hauv PVC kev lag luam.
Nyob qhov twg hauv daim kab xev yog sib npaug, tsis muaj tshuaj hloov tshwm sim thaum nws sib tov, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txo cov iav kub ntawm cov khoom thiab cov yaj viscosity ntawm txoj kev tsim cov yas, Yasizer thiab ua kom nws tsis hloov, lossis hloov cov tshuaj ntawm cov yas khoom yas ntev ntev, Plasticizer txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm hloov tau, thiab cov kua organic sib txuas nrog cov khoom no los yog cov ntsiab lus qis melting, yog hu ua plasticizers.
Plasticizer plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom zoo yas. Nws muaj ntau txoj kev los hloov kho thiab hloov, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej tshiab yog nce, ntau qhov tshiab ntau dua, ntau dua qhov kev paub tias muaj ntau tshaj, kev ntsuam xyuas txoj kev tsim nyog dua, thiab cov yas yas yog kev txhim kho hauv lub voj voog ntawm "development-application-toxicology test-risk assessment-redevelopment". Yog li, qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv cov yas yas yog qhov kev lag luam yuav muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus yuam sij. Ua li no, cov tsev lag luam yas ntiav yuav tsum ua hauj lwm cov kev hloov kho. Txawv teb chaws tuaj sab nraud nce raws li non-toxic lossis environmentally friendly thiab biodegradable plasticizers.
Plasticizers feem ntau yog "hom tshuaj muaj kuab tshuaj", ntxiv rau cov khoom siv, Plastiser resins los yog elastomers thiab lwm yam tshuaj tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov txuj ci, ua kom cov khoom zoo, ua kom yooj yim, muaj zog los yog ntau yam tshuaj. Ntxiv cov yas thaij yas tuaj yeem txo cov hmoov viscosity, iav kub thiab elastic modular elastic tsis hloov cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm cov khoom yas.
Plasticizers tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom ntawm polymers thiab feem ntau xam:
① cov yas cais tawm cov polymer macromolecules los ntawm qhov kev deb, weakening cov Intermolecular Force (attraction) ntawm lub polymer, Plasticizer uas tsis muaj zog ntawm lub van der Waals quab yuam ntawm cov khoom siv molecules;
Non-polar plasticizers tau ntxiv rau nonpolar polymers, uas txiav tawm polarity ntawm lub polymer molecules, kom lawv tsis muaj lub ncov qaumteb qab kev sib txuas, uas ② qhov dipole-dipole sis ntawm cov polymer molecules.
③ Plasticizers muaj nrog cov resins, es tsis txhob koom ua ke (cov ntawv cog lus qis).
Vim li no, qhov chaw uas yuav kho tau yuav tsum tov nrog tus cwj pwm, Kev sib tov nrog cov tshuaj tsis sib haum, tom qab nws sib hloov tau hloov qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv, yuav muab khaws cia rau hauv cov khoom yas ntev, hloov qhov khoom ntawm cov khoom yas, plasticizers. Cov tshuaj nrog cov dej num no muaj ntau cov kua organic sib txuas los yog cov khib nyiab melting point. Lawv yuav tsum muaj polarity, tau tshaj li resin, nyob rau hauv lub cev ntev ntev, Plasticizer ream muaj kev kawm zoo, ua haujlwm siab thiab pheej yig.
Plasticizers tuaj yeem ua si zoo rau kev hloov cov khoom ntawm polymers, kev ua cov polymers thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom.
① Plasticizer txo cov iav kub ntawm lub polymer.
② Plasticizer hloov cov qauv ntawm cov polymer kom cov hnab yas yas yog muag.
③ Yas thaiv tsub kom qhov kev loj hlob ntawm polymers thiab txo lub zog tensile.
④ Cov khoom pov thawj ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov polymers thiab pab txhawb txoj kev ua haujlwm.
⑤ Plasticizer pab kom muaj kev kub ntxhov tsawg.
⑥ txo cov viscosity ntawm polymers thiab pab txoj kev ua cov polymers thiab cov mixtures ntawm cov khoom xyaw.
Pauv lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, Polysters, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab polymer.
⑧ txo cov kua kub, txo cov kua ntsuas sov, ua kom lub sij hawm luv luv, txo cov thawv tawm siab (yooj yim yaj tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm ntau hom khoom siv, txo qhov siv cov nplaum kub, txhawm rau txhuam kom zoo).
⑨ siv cov yas rau hauv cov khoom los txhim kho cov dej siv: hydrophilic plasticizer kom muaj kev nqus tau cov khoom siv dej, Plasticizer nce qhov ripening speed ntawm cov khoom siv dej, txo los yog nce ua kom tiav, pib ua haujlwm, thiab ntxiv rau; hydrophobic plasticizers txo cov rhiab heev ntawm cov khoom mus rau cov dej.
⑩ pab cuam rau cov kua thiab cov quav tshuaj. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov fillers, dyes thiab lwm cov kua additives yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv cov hnab yas yog cov cuab kev.
Nce lossis txo cov khoom siv los sis cov khoom thaiv tawm ntawm cov khoom.
Txhim kho txoj kev zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev sib txuas, ua rau cov nplaim taws-ua kom tsis muaj zog, ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.
Plhaws dhau los. Degradable plasticizers yuav muab ntxiv rau biodegradable tshuaj, thiab qhov degradation tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yuav raug nce sai.